The number N of atoms in a particular state is called the population of that state. This number depends on the energy of that state and the temperature. In thermal equilibrium, the population of atoms in a state of energy E_{n} is given by a Boltzmann distribution expressionN = Nge⁻⁽ En – Eg) /kbT where Ng is the population of the ground state of energy Eg, kB is Boltzmann’s constant, and T is the absolute temperature. For simplicity, assume each energy level has only one quantum state associated with it. (b) To demonstrate how unnatural such a situation is, find the temperature for which the Boltzmann distribution describes a 2.00 % population inversion.
