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The number N of atoms in a particular state is called the population of that state. This number depends on the energy of that state and the temperature. In thermal equilibrium, the population of atoms in a state of energy E_{n} is given by a Boltzmann distribution expressionN = Nge⁻⁽ En – Eg) /kbT where Ng is the population of the ground state of energy Eg, kB is Boltzmann’s constant, and T is the absolute temperature. For simplicity, assume each energy level has only one quantum state associated with it. (b) To demonstrate how unnatural such a situation is, find the temperature for which the Boltzmann distribution describes a 2.00 % population inversion.

Determine which decays can occur spontaneously.(b) ⁴⁴₉₈Ru → ²₄He + ⁴²Mo₉₄

Complete each sentence with the correct form of the modifier in parentheses.
Both men had an ill temper, but John’s was ____________ . (bad)

A smooth cube of mass m and edge length r slides with speed v on a horizontal surface with negligible friction. The cube then moves up a smooth incline that makes an angle \theta with the horizontal. A cylinder of mass m and radius r rolls without slipping with its center of mass moving with speed v and encounters an incline of the same angle of inclination but with sufficient friction that the cylinder continues to roll without slipping.(a) Which object will go the greater distance up the incline?

_____ system of classification represents the most accurate relationship between organisms

How much work is done by the Moon’s gravitational field on a 1000-kg meteor as it comes in from outer space and impacts on the Moon’s surface?

If congress wants to create a law based on constitutional principles that are not expressly mentioned in the text, what power does it use to do so?

harisson inc. owns fast food restaurants and snack food and beverage manufacturers in canada. one of the restaurants, pizza place, serves a variety of beverages along with pizzas. one of the beverages is ginger beer, which is served on tap. harisson has just purchased a new division, cumberland beverages, that produces ginger beer. the managing director of cumberland beverages has approached the managing director of pizza place about purchasing cumberland beverages ginger beer for sale at pizza place restaurants rather than its usual brand of ginger beer. managers at pizza place agree that the quality of cumberland beverages ginger beer is comparable to the quality of their regular brand. it is just a question of price. the basic facts follow:

Sequence Events What events led to the breakup of the Soviet Union?

consider the following initial value problem, in which an input of large amplitude and short duration has been idealized as a delta function.